The 1 Series were born with common-rails and have been tuned by us thousands of times, both in Italy (where we manufacture) and abroad. The most tuned engines with our CHIPBOX ECUs in the early years were the 16-valve 2-liter common-rails, especially those with 163hp. In the years following the early versions, other power ratings of the 2-liter turbodiesels were introduced right up to the very frequently tuned bi-turbodiesel version.
As a result of the architecture and operation of electric engines, they do not need to have a minimum RPM. Furthermore, they can deliver maximum torque even at zero RPM, practically from a standstill! Sounds strange, doesn't it? Yet it is, and to understand it, we need to know how an electric motor works for automotive purposes, which in many ways is not very different from an electric RC model engine.